Effects of media exposure on PTSD symptoms in college students during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the influence of media on college students' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: After the COVID-19 outbreak, we used cross-sectional surveys through online questionnaires to investigate the mental health of college students in lockdown at home. We identified the influencing factors of PTSD symptoms using the Chi-Square test and ordinal logistic regression analysis. Results: In 10,989 valid questionnaires, 9,906 college students with no PTSD symptoms, 947 college students with subclinical PTSD symptoms (1-3 items), and 136 college students with four or more PTSD symptoms were screened out. The results showed that media content impacted the mental health of college students in lockdown at home. Positive media content was negatively correlated with PTSD symptoms among college students. PTSD symptoms were not associated with sources of information. Moreover, College students with PTSD symptoms would reduce their willingness to learn and could not complete online learning efficiently. Conclusion: PTSD symptoms are related to media exposure and excessive information involvement of COVID-19 in college students, which influences the willingness to attend online classes.

Research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs.

The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlighted the importance and urgency of the research and development of therapeutic drugs. Very early into the COVID-19 pandemic, China has begun developing drugs, with some notable progress. Herein, we summarizes the anti-COVID-19 drugs and promising drug candidates originally developed and researched in China. Furthermore, we discussed the developmental prospects, mechanisms of action, and advantages and disadvantages of the anti-COVID-19 drugs in development, with the aim to contribute to the rational use of drugs in COVID-19 treatment and more effective development of new drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the variants. Neutralizing antibody is an effective approach to overcome COVID-19. However, drug resistance induced by rapid virus mutation will likely to challenge neutralizing antibodies. Taking into account current epidemic trends, small molecule drugs have a crucial role in fighting COVID-19 due to their significant advantage of convenient administration and affordable and broad-spectrum. Traditional Chinese medicines, including natural products and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, contribute to the treatment of COVID-19 due to their unique mechanism of action. Currently, the research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs have led to some promising achievements, thus prompting us to expect even more rapidly available solutions.

A transition programme to enhance ICU new graduate nurses' professional identity and intention to remain employed: A pre- and postevaluation.

AIMS: To investigate the effect of a transition programme including cognitive-behaviour-based preceptorship intervention on ICU new graduate nurses' (NGNs)' professional identity and their intention to remain employed. DESIGN: One-arm pre- and post-test design followed the TREND Statement. METHODS: NGNs' professional identity and intention to remain employed were measured at baseline (T1), postintervention (1 month, T2) and 6-month follow-up (T3). RESULTS: Fifty-three NGNs completed the programme, and their professional identity score significantly increased postintervention [from 111.5 (SD = 16.72) at T1 to 114.2 (SD = 9.12) at T2, p < 0.05], but decreased at T3 [105.8 (SD = 9.44) compared with T1 and T2, p < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in ICU NGNs' intention of remain employed outcomes at three time points (p > 0.05). The transition programme was effective to improve ICU NGNs' professional identity immediately after the intervention, but the increment did not maintain at the 6-month follow-up.

Establishment and evaluation of fluorescent RT-RAA assay for SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs detection

Objective To establish a reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay（RT-RAA） to rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 sub-genomic RNAs（sgRNAs）. Methods The primers and probe for isothermal nucleic acid amplification were designed based on the 5′-leader and 7a and N gene sequence of SARS-CoV-2, and the sgRNAs of SARS-COV-2 were rapidly detected within 30 min at 39 ℃.The sensitivity, specificity and consistency of the assay were evaluated. Results The detection limit of the method was 20 copies/μl and there were no cross-reactions with other respiratory pathogens, showing decent sensitivity and specificity.The results of the assay were concordant with that of real-time PCR, indicating a better consistency of two methods（κ=0.762,P<0.001）. Conclusions The fluorescence RT-RAA assay established in the study can be used for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs, which is of great significance for the rapid diagnosis of COVID 19.

[Features of unintentional injury in children under the impact of coronavirus disease 2019]. / æ–°åž‹å† çŠ¶ç— æ¯’è‚ºç‚Žç–«æƒ ä¸‹å„¿ç«¥æ„å¤–ä¼¤å®³çš„ç‰¹å¾.

OBJECTIVES: To study the features of unintentional injury in children under the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 2 526 children with unintentional injury in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2019 to June 2022. The study period was divided into 5 stages: before the epidemic (July to December, 2019), the Wuhan epidemic period (January to April, 2020), the epidemic remission period in China (May 2020 to February 2022), the Shanghai epidemic period (March to May, 2022), and the epidemic remission period in Shanghai (June 2022). The incidences of unintentional injury in children at different time stages and different ages were compared. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 107 children of the 2 526 children to explore the features of unintentional injury. RESULTS: There were significant differences in gender composition, age, age distribution and proportion of many types of unintentional injuries among the five time stages (P<0.05). There was a reduction in the number of children who attended the emergency department due to unintentional injury during the Wuhan epidemic and the Shanghai epidemic. The proportion of children with trauma-related unintentional injuries in each stage reached more than 50%, and the proportion of children with trauma-related unintentional injuries reached 63.9% and 82.0%, respectively during the Wuhan epidemic and the Shanghai epidemic. Most children suffering from unintentional injury were mainly school-aged and preschool children (1 823 children, 72.17%). Compared with the same period of Shanghai epidemic in 2021, the age of children with unintentional injury was younger (median 7 years vs 11 years), and the proportion of children with trauma-related unintentional injuries increased (97% vs 69%) during the Shanghai epidemic (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Under the COVID-19 epidemic, there is a reduction in the number of children with unintentional injury, while there is an increase in the proportion of children with trauma-related unintentional injuries. Unintentional injury is more common among school-aged and preschool children.

miR-615 facilitates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting IRAK1 to inhibit type III interferon expression.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in the Coronavirus family is a highly contagious enteric pathogen in the swine industry, which has evolved mechanisms to evade host innate immune responses. The PEDV-mediated inhibition of interferons (IFNs) has been linked to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in virus-host interactions and IFN-I regulation. However, the mechanism by which the PEDV regulates IFN during PEDV infection has not yet been investigated in its natural target cells. We here report a novel mechanism of viral immune escape involving miR-615, which was screened from a high-throughput sequencing library of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) infected with PEDV. PEDV infection altered the profiles of miRNAs and the activities of several pathways involved in innate immunity. Overexpression of miR-615 increased PEDV replication, inhibited IFN expression, downregulated the NF-κB pathway, and blocked p65 nuclear translocation. In contrast, knockdown of miR-615 enhanced IFN expression, suppressed PEDV replication, and activated the NF-κB pathway. We further determined that IRAK1 is the target gene of miR-615 in IECs. Our findings show that miR-615 suppresses activation of the NF-κB pathway by suppressing the IRAK1 protein and reducing the generation of IFN-IIIs, which in turn facilitates PEDV infection in IECs. Moreover, miR-615 inhibited PEDV replication and NF-κB pathway activation in both IECs and MARC-145 cells. These findings support an important role for miR-615 in the innate immune regulation of PEDV infections and provide a novel perspective for developing new treatments.

The need for psychological counseling in breast cancer patients before radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic

The aims of this study were to explore the need for psychological counseling in breast cancer patients before radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic, to distinguish which type of psychological guidance they demanded and to investigate the related factors that could be associated with the need for psychological counseling. A total of 112 eligible patients diagnosed with stage I–IV breast cancer who had received surgery were included. The self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), cancer fatigue scale (CFS), and survey for the need for psychological counseling were completed for all subjects prior to radiotherapy. A total of 8.9% and 3.6% of patients suffered from depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 62.5%. Only 12.5% of the patients needed psychological counseling, especially for the type of tumor diagnosis and treatment rather than COVID-19-related protection. The higher the total CFS score was, the lower the need for psychological counseling in breast cancer patients during this pandemic (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.84–0.98). Patients who received 7–8 chemotherapeutic cycles had 6.7 times the risk of needing psychological counseling when compared with those who received 1–6 chemotherapeutic cycles. Fewer breast cancer patients suffered from depression and anxiety before radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, a large number of patients complained of sleep disturbance and fatigue. The majority of patients did not need psychological counseling. More chemotherapeutic cycles or less fatigue could increase their risk of needing psychological counseling, especially for tumor diagnosis and treatment, but not COVID-19-related protection.

Transcriptome and targeted metabolome analysis revealed the effects of combined red and blue light on the growth and secondary metabolism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a medicinal plant commonly used in China and other parts of East Asia. A high flavonoid content endows it with multiple beneficial biological activities that have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-COVID19 properties. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been recognized as effective artificial lights to enhance plant growth and the accumulation of secondary metabolites for commercial plant production. However, little is known regarding the effects of LEDs on S. baicalensis. Here, we explored the effects of monochromatic blue light (B, 460 nm), monochromatic red light (R, 660 nm), white light (CK), and different combinations of R and B (R9B1, R7B3, R5B5, R3B7, and R1B9) on the growth of, and flavonoid accumulation in S. baicalensis. The results revealed that under R:B ratios of 9:1 or 7:3, the whole plant and roots of S. baicalensis seedlings had a higher biomass and flavonoid content. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that 48 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were verified between different groups, and the number of upregulated DEMs, particularly flavonoids, were higher in the R9B1 and R7B3 groups compared with the CK. Transcriptome data identified 1412 and 1508 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the R9B1 and R7B3 groups, respectively, in contrast to the CK. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that DEGs in both the R9B1 and R7B3 groups were primarily enriched in the phenylpropane biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, cartenoid biosynthesis, zeatin biosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism pathways. The qRT-PCR results showed that SbPAL, SbCLL-7, SbCHI, SbFNS, and SbOMT encoding enzymes for the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were significantly upregulated in S. baicalensis, which was consistent with the transcriptome data. Finally, based on correlation analysis between the main flavonoids in S. baicalensis and the genes encoding transcription factors and enzymes for the flavonoid metabolism pathway, a co-expression network map was developed, which provided a basis for the mining of light responsive genes related to flavonoids biosynthesis in S. baicalensis. This is the first report to articulate how the combination of red light and blue light influences the growth and secondary metabolism of S. baicalensis.

SMRI: A New Method for siRNA Design for COVID-19 Therapy.

First discovered in Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic novel coronavirus, which rapidly spread globally and became a pandemic with no vaccine and limited distinctive clinical drugs available till March 13th, 2020. Ribonucleic Acid interference (RNAi) technology, a gene-silencing technology that targets mRNA, can cause damage to RNA viruses effectively. Here, we report a new efficient small interfering RNA (siRNA) design method named Simple Multiple Rules Intelligent Method (SMRI) to propose a new solution of the treatment of COVID-19. To be specific, this study proposes a new model named Base Preference and Thermodynamic Characteristic model (BPTC model) indicating the siRNA silencing efficiency and a new index named siRNA Extended Rules index (SER index) based on the BPTC model to screen high-efficiency siRNAs and filter out the siRNAs that are difficult to take effect or synthesize as a part of the SMRI method, which is more robust and efficient than the traditional statistical indicators under the same circumstances. Besides, to silence the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to invade cells, this study further puts forward the SMRI method to search candidate high-efficiency siRNAs on SARS-CoV-2's S gene. This study is one of the early studies applying RNAi therapy to the COVID-19 treatment. According to the analysis, the average value of predicted interference efficiency of the candidate siRNAs designed by the SMRI method is comparable to that of the mainstream siRNA design algorithms. Moreover, the SMRI method ensures that the designed siRNAs have more than three base mismatches with human genes, thus avoiding silencing normal human genes. This is not considered by other mainstream methods, thereby the five candidate high-efficiency siRNAs which are easy to take effect or synthesize and much safer for human body are obtained by our SMRI method, which provide a new safer, small dosage and long efficacy solution for the treatment of COVID-19. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11390-021-0826-x.

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among hospitalized patients in China: a case-control study.

A lack of confidence on the vaccination drive hinders the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among hospitalized patients in China. This case-control study was based on SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance during hospitalization. From April to June 2021, hospitalized patients without documented COVID-19 infection from the Department of Urology were routinely assayed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history of each participant was obtained from their vaccination records. Of the 405 participants, there were 37 seropositive participants (case group) and 368 seronegative participants (control group); 68 participants (16.8%) had received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, including 54 who received the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine and 14 received the Sinopharm vaccine. All seropositive participants who had received one or two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were assessed for at least 16 days, while 31 (8.4%) of 368 seronegative controls who had received the vaccine were tested for 1-94 days. The overall seroconversion rate was 54.4% (37/68) in the vaccinated participants who received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for seropositivity was 6.20 (95% CI: 2.05-18.71) in those received full vaccination with two doses versus those partially vaccinated participants with one dose after adjusting for sex and age. These findings imply that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could have a protective antibody response.

Bedside ultrasonic localization of the nasogastric tube in a patient with severe COVID-19: A case report.

BACKGROUND: The indwelling nasogastric tube is commonly used for supplying enteral nutrition to patients who are unable to feed themselves, and accurate positioning is essential in the indwelling nasogastric tube in the body of the aforementioned patients. In clinical practice, abdominal radiography, auscultation, and clinical determination of the pH of the gastric juice are routinely used by medical personnel to determine the position of the tube; however, those treatments have proved limitations in specific cases. There are few case reports on the precise positioning of the nasogastric tube in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), for whom a supply of necessary nutrition support is significant throughout the process of treatment. CASE SUMMARY: A 79-year-old patient, diagnosed with COVID-19 at the stage of combined syndromes with severe bacterial lung infection, respiratory failure, multiple co-morbidities, and a poor nutritional status, was presented to us and required an indwelling nasogastric tube for enteral nutrition support. After pre-treatment assessments including observation of the patient's nasal feeding status and examination of the nasal septal deviation, inflammation, obstruction, nasal leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, and other disorders that might render intubation inappropriate, we measured and marked the length of the nasogastric tube to be placed and delivered the tube to the intended length in the standard manner. Then further scrutiny was conducted to ensure that the tube was not coiled in the mouth, and gentle movements were made to avoid damage to the esophageal mucosa. However, back draw of the gastric juice using an empty needle failed, and the stethoscope could not be used for auscultation due to the specific condition presented by the internal organs of the patient, and the end of the tube was placed in saline with no bubbles spilling out. Therefore, it was not possible to determine whether the nasogastric tube was placed exactly in the stomach and no nutrient infusion was performed for the time being. Subsequently, the ultrasound probe was utilized to view the condition of the patient's stomach, where the nasogastric tube was found to be translucent and running parallel to the esophagus shaped as "=". The pre-conditions were achieved and 100 mL nutritional fluid was fed to the patient, who did not experience any discomfort throughout the procedure. His vital signs were stable with no adverse effects. CONCLUSION: We achieved successfully used ultrasound to position the nasogastric tube in a 79-year-old patient with COVID-19. The repeatable ultrasound application does not involve radiation and causes less disturbance in the neck, making it advantageous for rapid positioning of the nasogastric tube and worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Examination of the Impact of CYP3A4/5 on Drug–Drug Interaction between Schizandrol A/Schizandrol B and Tacrolimus (FK-506): A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Approach

Schizandrol A (SZA) and schizandrol B (SZB) are two active ingredients of Wuzhi capsule (WZC), a Chinese proprietary medicine commonly prescribed to alleviate tacrolimus (FK-506)-induced hepatoxicity in China. Due to their inhibitory effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A enzymes, SZA/SZB may display drug–drug interaction (DDI) with tacrolimus. To identify the extent of this DDI, the enzymes’ inhibitory profiles, including a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) shift, reversible inhibition (RI) and time-dependent inhibition (TDI) were examined with pooled human-liver microsomes (HLMs) and CYP3A5-genotyped HLMs. Subsequently, the acquired parameters were integrated into a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to quantify the interactions between the SZA/SZB and the tacrolimus. The metabolic studies indicated that the SZB displayed both RI and TDI on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, while the SZA only exhibited TDI on CYP3A4 to a limited extent. Moreover, our PBPK model predicted that multiple doses of SZB would increase tacrolimus exposure by 26% and 57% in CYP3A5 expressers and non-expressers, respectively. Clearly, PBPK modeling has emerged as a powerful approach to examine herb-involved DDI, and special attention should be paid to the combined use of WZC and tacrolimus in clinical practice.

Phase Separation: "The Master Key" to Deciphering the Physiological and Pathological Functions of Cells.

Phase separation is a hot research field at present. It involves almost all aspects of cells and plays a significant role in cells, promising to be "a master key" in unlocking the mysteries of nature. In this review, the factors that affect phase separation are introduced, such as own component, electrostatic interaction, and chemical modification. Furthermore, the physiological roles of phase separation in cells, including molecules transport channel, gene expression and regulation, cellular division and differentiation, stress response, proteins refolding and degradation, cell connections, construction of skin barrier, and cell signals transmission, are highlighted. However, the disorder of phase separation leads to pathological condensates, which are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This relationship is considered the potential target for developing corresponded drugs and therapy. Some drugs targeting phase separation have improved meaningful, such as tankyrase, lipoamide, oligonucleotides, elvitagravir, nilotinib, CVL218, PJ34. All in all, mystery phase separation provides a new viewpoint for researchers to explore cells, and is expected to solve many unknown phenomena in nature.

SARS-CoV-2: The Monster Causes COVID-19

Coronaviruses are viruses whose particles look like crowns. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the human coronavirus family to cause COVID-19 which is regarded as a once-in-a-century pandemic worldwide. It holds has the characteristics of a pandemic, which has broy -55ught many serious negative impacts to human beings. It may take time for humans to fight the pandemic. In addition to humans, SARS-CoV-2 also infects animals such as cats. This review introduces the origins, structures, pathogenic mechanisms, characteristics of transmission, detection and diagnosis, evolution and variation of SARS-CoV-2. We summarized the clinical characteristics, the strategies for treatment and prevention of COVID-19, and analyzed the problems and challenges we face.

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake, Acceptance, and Hesitancy Among Persons With Mental Disorders During the Second Stage of China's Nationwide Vaccine Rollout.

Persons with mental disorders (PwMDs) are a priority group for COVID-19 vaccination, but empirical data on PwMDs' vaccine uptake and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines are lacking. This study examined the uptake, acceptance, and hesitancy associated with COVID-19 vaccines among Chinese PwMDs during China's nationwide vaccine rollout. In total, 906 adult PwMDs were consecutively recruited from a large psychiatric hospital in Wuhan, China, and administered a self-report questionnaire, which comprised standardized questions regarding sociodemographics, COVID-19 vaccination status, attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, and psychopathology. Vaccine-recipients were additionally asked to report adverse events that occurred following vaccination. PwMDs had a much lower rate of vaccination than Wuhan residents (10.8 vs. 40.0%). The rates of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy were 58.1 and 31.1%, respectively. Factors associated with vaccine uptake included having other mental disorders [odds ratio (OR) = 3.63], believing that ≥50% of vaccine-recipients would be immune to COVID-19 (OR = 3.27), being not worried about the side effects (OR = 2.59), and being an outpatient (OR = 2.24). Factors associated with vaccine acceptance included perceiving a good preventive effect of vaccines (OR = 12.92), believing that vaccines are safe (OR = 4.08), believing that ≥50% of vaccine-recipients would be immune to COVID-19 (OR = 2.20), and good insight into the mental illness (OR = 1.71). Adverse events occurred in 21.4% of vaccine-recipients and exacerbated pre-existing psychiatric symptoms in 2.0% of vaccine-recipients. Nevertheless, 95.2% of vaccine-recipients rated adverse events as acceptable. Compared to the 58.1% vaccine acceptance rate and the 40.0% vaccination rate in the general population, the 10.8% vaccine coverage rate suggested a large unmet need for COVID-19 vaccination in Chinese PwMDs. Strategies to increase vaccination coverage among PwMDs may include provision of reliable sources of information on vaccines, health education to foster positive attitudes toward vaccines, a practical guideline to facilitate clinical decision-making for vaccination, and the involvement of psychiatrists in vaccine consultation and post-vaccination follow-up services.

Chinese herbal injections for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A narrative review.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 180 million infections and 3.9 million deaths. To date, emerging clinical evidence has shown the synergetic benefits of Chinese herbal injections in treating this contagious respiratory disease. This review aims to summarize and analyze the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections in the therapy of COVID-19. METHODS: The literature from 3 electronic databases, PubMed, CNKI, and Web of Science, were searched using the search terms "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "traditional Chinese medicine", "herb", "herbal", and "injection". Then the identified articles were comprehensively evaluated. RESULTS: Limited data demonstrated that Chinese herbal injections could significantly improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients, especially in combination with conventional treatment strategies. The benefits of which were mainly associated with the relief of symptoms, prevention of secondary infection, regulation of inflammation and immune function. There was also evidence showing the inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Nevertheless, available real-world data suggested the increased risk of adverse event. Furthermore, the defects of existing researches and the insights for discovering novel antiviral drugs were prospectively discussed. CONCLUSION: Evidence-based advances revealed that Chinese herbal injections such as XueBiJing injection and ShenMai injection, exerted potent effects against COVID-19. Further laboratory researches and clinical evaluation are needed to gather scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety.

Questionnaire Survey on the Current Situation and Experience in Prevention and Control Measures at Urology Clinics During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China.

COVID-19, the coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus 2; ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2; S protein, spiked glycoprotein; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2; WHO, World Health Organization. Purpose: Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has been viably controlled in China, a new normal in healthcare strategies has become standard in China and worldwide. We conducted a questionnaire study to disseminate the experience from China in terms of urology outpatient prevention and control measures under standardized prevention policies against COVID-19. Participants and Methods: From May 3, 2020 to June 25, 2020, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire study, focused on the status of and experiences with outpatient urology prevention and control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The targeted respondents were urologists in mainland China, covering all levels of hospitals and clinics. Results: A total of 216 (97%) valid responses were collected. We found that 183 (85%) respondents were from outside of Hubei province in China. One-hundred-and-fifty-eight (73%) respondents believed that SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in urine, and that protection against urine exposure was needed. Over 80% of respondents recommended WeChat application or similar online video meetings for virtual outpatient consultations. The suggested flowcharts and recommendations to prevent new cases were easy to understand and approved by most physicians, which could provide reference for outpatient prevention and control. We still need to make adequate preparations under the new normal of the COVID-19 Epidemic, especially for those suspected of being infected. Conclusions: Although the scientific validation of the questionnaire is limited, it provides a first snapshot of the experiences relating to the prevention and control measures in urology clinics in China, and can inform future policies in this field.

Nurses' experiences of providing care to patients with COVID-19 in the ICU in Wuhan: a descriptive phenomenological research.

OBJECTIVES: This phenomenological study aimed to examine intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19, and understand better their everyday experiences of patient' management in the ICU. DESIGN: A descriptive phenomenological research design was used. Individual interviews were conducted. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Colaizzi's seven-step framework. SETTING: An ICU with 16 beds in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China. PARTICIPANTS: Nurses who had more than 1 year of experience and had provided care to patients with COVID-19 in ICU for more than 1 week were identified as participants. A total of 13 nurses were interviewed. RESULTS: An analysis of these significant statements yielded four distinct stages of feelings, thereby revealing the essence of this phenomenon. Worry about being infected and infecting family members was present across in all four stages. The themes associated with the four stages were as follows: initial contradictory feelings, quick adaption to the 'new working environment' in the first 1-2 weeks in the ICU, desperation after adaption, holding on and survive. CONCLUSIONS: The nurses reported distinct experiences of providing care to patients with COVID-19 in ICUs. Interventions, such as providing information about the disease, simulation training, emotional support and follow-up care, are needed to help nurses manage patients with COVID-19 and maintain nurses' health.

Brilliant glycans and glycosylation: Seq and ye shall find.

Proteoglycosylation is the addition of monosaccharides or glycans to the protein peptide chain. This is a common post-translational modification of proteins with a variety of biological functions. At present, more than half of all biopharmaceuticals in clinic are modified by glycosylation. Most glycoproteins are potential drug targets and biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Therefore, in-depth study of glycan structure of glycoproteins will ultimately improve the sensitivity and specificity of glycoproteins for clinical disease detection. With the deepening of research, the function and application value of glycans and glycosylation has gradually emerged. This review systematically introduces the latest research progress of glycans and glycosylation. It encompasses six cancers, four viruses, and their latest discoveries in Alzheimer's disease, allergic diseases, congenital diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, inflammation, and aging.

Mesenchymal stem cells: ideal seeds for treating diseases.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a kind of multipotent stem cells with self-renewal ability and multi-differentiation ability, have become the "practical stem cells" for the treatment of diseases. MSCs have immunomodulatory properties and can be used to treat autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Crohn's disease. MSCs also can be used in cancer and aging. At present, many clinical experiments are using MSCs. MSCs can reduce the occurrence of inflammation and apoptosis of tissue cells, and promote the proliferation of endogenous tissue and organ cells, so as to achieve the effect of repairing tissue and organs. MSCs presumably also play an important role in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.